how to draw 3d in autocad cabinets

Bones 3D and Surface Modelling

Introduction

Although AutoCAD has a number of commands for creating special 3D objects, a lot can be achieved past changing the properties of basic second objects like polylines. Virtually 2D objects can be given a thickness using the thickness option in the Backdrop (DDCHPROP) command. Although objects with a thickness can be said to exist extruded, this should not be confused with the EXTRUDE control which creates solid extrusions; giving an object thickness produces a surface extrusion. All objects tin be given an elevation past moving them in the Z direction using the MOVE command. With a combination of the MOVE and Backdrop commands y'all tin can speedily create simple 3D drawings.

Using this tutorial you lot will learn how to requite objects a thickness, how to motility them vertically, how to view your 3D creations and how to use the 3DFACE and SHADE commands.

The DDVPOINT Command

Yous can apply this command to get an axonometric view of your drawing.

At that place are a number of means to get an axonometric view of your AutoCAD cartoon but the DDVPOINT command is probably the easiest and quickest to use. It is, withal, buried ii layers deep in the pull-downwardly carte and so information technology's often quicker but to type information technology at the keyboard, since at that place is no toolbar push button. As y'all probably recognise from the command name it is a dialogue box driven command. The Viewpoint Presets dialogue box is illustrated on the right. Every bit yous can see, yous define a view by specifying 2 angles. The first angle is the rotation from the Ten centrality (the horizontal angle). The second is the bending from the XY plane (the vertical angle). Using the dialogue box you can specify an bending either by picking on the two dials or by entering an angle into each of the two angle edit boxes. Yous can even await at your drawing from underneath by specifying a negative vertical angle. For most purposes a horizontal bending along one of the diagonals, 45, 135, 225 and 315 and a vertical angle of xxx give the best results.

You tin render to a programme view of your drawing by using the PLAN control. To do this, only enter "Program" at the command prompt and then to accept the "Current UCS" default. You can also return to any previous view by using the Zoom Previous control option, Z P at the keyboard or from the Standard toolbar.

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The Properties Command

Yous tin use the DDCHPROP command to change the color, layer, linetype, linetype scale and thickness of whatever unmarried or multiple object selection. The DDMODIFY command gives all of these alter options in add-on to those which are specific to the object type. DDMODIFY is e'er used by AutoCAD as a default for unmarried object selections when the Properties command is selected from the toolbar or from the pull-down menu.

Command Sequence

Command: DDCHPROP
Select objects: (choice one or more objects)
Select objects:
When you have selected the objects, the Alter Properties dialogue box appears. To modify the thickness, just enter a value (in drawing units) in the Thickness edit box. When you click the "OK" button your objects volition be extruded by the corporeality specified.

The illustration (right) shows the result of applying a thickness to a circle. A circle with no thickness is shown on the left and a circle with thickness on the right.

Effectively a circle with thickness becomes a cylinder. You lot can tell past the orientation of the UCS icon in this analogy that this is an axonometric view (see "The DDVPOINT Control" above for details).

Moving in the Z Direction

By now yous should be quite used to using the Move control but up until now you've only been moving 2nd objects in the XY Aeroplane. Move tin just as hands exist used to move a drawing object vertically, perpendicular to the XY Plane. You can do this by using XY and Z co-ordinates or by picking points in 3D infinite.

In the illustration on the left a circle has been moved from the base plane of a cube to the elevation face of a cube. This is washed past using the MOVE command ( from the pull-down or from the Alter toolbar). Just start the Motility command, select the circle, pick i of the lower corners of the cube equally the base point (apply the terminate indicate Osnap!) and and so pick the corresponding height corner as the second point, again using the stop point Osnap. If you look at the circle in plan at that place appears to exist no difference in information technology'southward position because it has not been moved in the XY plane only perpendicular to it. You can utilize the same principle to move any drawing entity. Comport in heed that you must ever utilise an Osnap when you are picking points in 3D infinite. If you do not, the picked signal will always be on the base plane, which doesn't make any sense. One of the issues with this is that you may not realise your mistake until y'all change your view position considering in the current view the objects will appear to have been moved normally. It'south a good idea to keep switching your view point as a check.

In the above example the motility was adequately piece of cake considering we had a cube to use as a guide. Very ofttimes you will need to motion an object vertically without whatsoever guide. In such a case you should use co-ordinates. For instance, if the cube in the illustration above was 40 cartoon units high and so I could move the circle using the following command sequence.

Command Sequence

Command: MOVE
Select objects: (select the circle)
Select objects:
Base point or displacement: 0,0,0
Second signal of deportation: 0,0,40

Notice that I use the UCS origin signal as a base point, that'southward considering it's standard practice but in principle it could be any point in space. The most important thing is that the 10 and Y co-ordinates remain the same (considering we do non desire to motion in the XY Plane) and the Z according must increase by the distance you want to motion up. Using co-ordinate 25,43,16 as the base point and 25,43,56 every bit the 2nd point would accept resulted in exactly the same motion. To move down you just demand to specify a negative Z according. For example to motility the circle down by 40 units the 2d bespeak according would exist 0,0,-xl.

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The 3D Confront Control

The 3D Face command is used to draw 3D surfaces with iii or 4 edges.

Command Sequence

Command: 3DFACE
First Point: (choice point)
Second Point: (choice point)
Tertiary Indicate: (pick point)
Fourth Point: (pick signal or for only 3 edges)
3rd Point: (commencement some other 3D Face up or to end)

Why do I need a 3D Confront?

The reason is that when you give an entity like a rectangle a thickness it is given solid sides in the management of the extrusion but it is left open ended like a tube. To add a height and a lesser to a box you must employ 3D Faces. In the analogy on the right, two boxes take been shaded using the Shade command, SHADE from the keyboard, from the pull-downward or from the Return toolbar. See SHADE for a description of the Shade command options. The box on the correct is a rectangle which has been given a thickness. As you lot can run into, it does not take a meridian. A 3D Face up has been added to the tiptop of the box on the left which gives the effect of a solid surface when shaded.

When you apply the Shade control, don't forget to use the Regen command to get back to the wireline drawing. AutoCAD does non let you to selection points on a shaded cartoon.

For complicated shapes you may need to use a number of 3D Faces to fill a surface. Fortunately, extruded circles are automatically given a solid meridian and bottom so you lot don't demand any 3D Faces. If you do need to use a circuitous of faces to fill a surface there is a mode to hide the join lines between faces. If you type "I" and before the first pick point of any edge, that edge will be fabricated invisible. If y'all are careful you can easily fill a complicated surface with many 3D Faces which will simply appear as a single continuous surface. If yous demand to create a very complex surface information technology may be better to use the EXTRUDE command which creates solid extrusions i.e. they already take top and lesser surfaces.

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An Exercise

The exercise below is designed and so that you tin do all of the new commands and techniques outlined above. It is a simple table which is equanimous of nine master elements, 4 legs, four rails, and a top. These elements are all constructed using the Rectangle command, RECTANG from the keyboard or from the pull-down menu. Remember, there is nothing special nearly rectangles, they are only 4 sided airtight polylines, then if you prefer using the PLINE command, and so feel gratuitous.

These rectangles will be given a thickness using the Backdrop command and an elevation using the Move control. Some 3D Faces are used for the finishing touches using the 3DFACE control.

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Cartoon the Tabular array

Step one

Outset of all depict the table plan using the dimensions on the illustration and inset detail below. All dimensions are in millimetres. The programme is composed of 9 rectangles. Yous may need to utilise other commands like Line and Starting time to construct the rectangles. Alternatively yous can work out the rectangle co-ordinates and construct them manually. Remember to employ the Copy and/or Mirror commands to duplicate identical objects. For example, it's really simply necessary to draw one leg since they are all the same.

Step 2

Next, using the Properties command, select the iv table legs and give them a thickness of 700. Using the Backdrop command a 2nd time, select the four tabular array rails and give them a thickness of 100. Move the runway vertically through 600 with the Movement command using a co-ordinate value of 0,0,0 for the base of operations indicate and 0,0,600 for the 2nd point. Finally use the Properties command a third time to give the table pinnacle a thickness of xl and use Move again to requite the meridian an superlative of 700. Now wait at what you have created using the DDVPOINT control, from the pull-down or DDVPOINT at the keyboard. Utilise the SHADE command to run across the solid issue, from the pull-down or SHADE at the keyboard.

Step 3

As you volition have noticed, your tabular array does not even so accept a solid top. You can attain this using 3D Confront. You tin can start the 3D Face control from the pull-downwards, , from the Render toolbar, or from the keyboard, 3DFACE. 3D Faces are defined past picking the four points of a rectangle in either a clockwise or anticlockwise management. Showtime the 3D Face command and using the endpoint Osnap, select the four upper corners of the tabular array elevation. Use the Shade command again to meet the outcome. You tin can use more 3D Faces to complete the model. By looking at the table from diverse angles you will notice that the underside of the rails, the underside of the legs and the underside of the table top all need 3D Faces in order to create a completely solid model.

At present that you have completed your model, experiment with the Shade command and the various shade edge settings (see "Tips and Tricks" below).

Step 4

To finish your cartoon, set tilemode to 0, create an A3 cartoon sheet and insert some tiled viewports, see thePaper Space exercise for details. Your drawing should stop upwards looking something like the one beneath. The vase was created using the REVSURF command, see REVSURF for details.

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3D Objects

In addition to the unproblematic 3D objects you can create by giving objects thickness and adding 3D Faces, AutoCAD provides a number of ready made 3D objects. These objects can be chosen from the 3D Objects dialogue box. As you can come across from the illustration of the dialogue box below, you can create very simple objects like a box and circuitous ones like the torus.

You must invoke the 3D objects dialogue box from the pull-downwards carte du jour, equally in that location is no keyboard equivalent. Alternatively you can select individual 3D Object commands from the Surfaces toolbar. Each 3D Object requires different input from the user but the command line is quite explicit and so you lot shouldn't have any issues.

One of the most useful objects is the Sphere. In the illustration on the right a 3D tree has been created using a circle with thickness as the torso and a sphere as the canopy. One thing to bear in mind when creating spheres is that the center of the sphere will be on the ground airplane. Therefore, half of the sphere is below ground level and half above. If you want the sphere to sit on the ground plane, all you have to practice is move information technology upward through a distance which is the same as it'due south radius.

Some other consideration when creating spheres and some of the other shapes is the number of segments to utilise. Information technology is very tempting to use a lot and create a shine shape but this does take lots of drawing memory so get advisedly. The default value (16) is ordinarily adequate for most purposes.

Control Sequence

Invoke the dialogue box from the pull-downwards (), pick the sphere icon and and so the "OK" button or pick from the Surfaces toolbar.

Centre of sphere: (pick point)
Bore/<radius>: (pick betoken or enter value)
Number of longitudinal segments<16>: (enter number or)
Number of latitudinal segments<xvi>: (enter number or)
Your Sphere is fatigued.

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Tips & Tricks

• If you would similar to effort creating the vase as shown in the tabular array drawing. You will need to know a little bit about UCS, User Co-ordinate Systems (see UCS) and how the Revolved Surface command works (see the 3D Tree practise for details).
• You tin change the shaded effect that the Shade control gives to your drawing using the SHADEDGE variable. To change the shade border variable merely enter SHADEDGE at the keyboard and enter a value between 0 and iii.
  SHADEDGE = 0 gives a shaded colour surface with no lines.
  SHADEDGE = i gives a shaded colour surface with lines. This tends to give the best overall results.
  SHADEDGE = 2 gives a background colour surface which gives a similar effect to the Hibernate command.
  SHADEDGE = 3 gives a block color surface, this is the AutoCAD default. Meet SHADE for a fuller clarification of the SHADEDGE variable.
• Always utilize Osnaps when picking in 3D.
• Use the Shade command regularly to proceed rails of your cartoon. In wireline it'south impossible to tell if a surface has a 3D Face or non, so you lot'll need to use Shade to check.
• You can forcefulness invisible 3D Face up edges to brandish in wireline using the SPLFRAME variable. If SPLFRAME = 0 all invisible edges remain hidden. If it is prepare to 1 invisible edges volition be displayed. This can be extremely useful because it is impossible to select a 3D Face which has no visible edges. The only way to select such a 3D Face up is to set SPLFRAME to ane first.

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